A brain computer interface is a device which allows people with motor or cognitive disabilities to control computers as well as other devices. BCIs translate brain signals using a variety, recording techniques, signal-processing algorithm and machine learning. They are able to control a variety of devices, including cursors on computer monitors wheelchairs, robotic arm and wheelchairs.
Most BCIs measure activity from the scalp, such as electroencephalographic (EEG) or functional near-infrared imaging (fNIRS) signaling. The signals are captured by a sensor that detects the activity of neuronal neurons. Software converts them to operating commands.
In many BCI systems, the user must go through an iterative process of learning to produce signals that the system moved here recognizes. For example, in a BCI that is specifically designed to type letters the user will have to imagine moving their right or left hand.
The most exciting BCI innovations involve implantable or noninvasive systems that record directly from the neural tissue rather than the scalp. These devices are more precise than noninvasive BCIs however they require surgery and come with risk.
Invasive BCIs are still in the very early stages of testing and it is crucial that patients who undergo this procedure fully comprehend the risks and benefits of this procedure. BCIs can detect neural signals that can contain sensitive health and behavioral information. Privacy and data security is an additional concern. Some people do not like the technology on ethical grounds because they fear that others might hack into and control their minds.